{"id":3491,"date":"2021-02-22T17:11:48","date_gmt":"2021-02-22T14:11:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tekaykimya.com.tr\/home\/?p=3491"},"modified":"2025-08-04T13:29:37","modified_gmt":"2025-08-04T10:29:37","slug":"seluloz-elyaflarin-kasar-ve-boyanmasi-hakkinda-genel-bilgi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tex-tek.com\/?p=3491","title":{"rendered":"Sel\u00fcloz Elyaflar\u0131n Kasar Ve Boyanmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Genel Bilgi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pamuk ve Viskon Elyaflar\u0131n i\u015fletmelerde boyanmas\u0131\u00a0ile ilgili dikkat edilecek hususlara pratik\u00a0deneyimlerle bir nebze yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaya gayret edece\u011fim. T\u00fcrkiye de ve D\u00fcnya da en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan\u00a0elyaf Sel\u00fcloz elyaft\u0131r. Sel\u00fcloz elyaf\u0131 Polyester\u00a0elyaf takip eder. Sel\u00fcloz elyaf i\u00e7inde en \u00f6nemlisi pamuktur. Bunu Viskon ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 miktarda\u00a0Tencel gibi di\u011fer elyaf tipleri te\u015fkil eder. Pamuk\u00a0ve k\u0131smen Viskonun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Polyester ile\u00a0harman olur. Elastanlar da bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlara eklenerek\u00a0modadaki yerini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Pamuk giyim,\u00a0konforu, do\u011fal olmas\u0131 ve ekolojik \u00f6zelliklerinde\u00a0dolay\u0131 geni\u015f kabul g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n

PAMUK<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pamu\u011fun takribi %85 i Sel\u00fcloz, %6-7 Nem ve kalan\u00a0Vakslar ve Organik tuzlard\u0131r. Pamuk organik\u00a0asitlere kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olup, Hidroklorik asit (HCl),\u00a0Nitrik asit (HNO3<\/sub>) ve S\u00fclf\u00fcrik asit (H2SO4) te Pamuk\u00a0elyaf \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu belirtilen asitlerle terbiye s\u0131ras\u0131nda\u00a0kullan\u0131lmaktan \u00a0a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Pamuk Kuma\u015f\u00a0\u00fczerindeki alkali at\u0131lmaz ve N\u00f6tralize edilmez\u00a0ise oksisel\u00fcloza yol a\u00e7\u0131p Pamu\u011fun bozulmas\u0131na\u00a0neden olur. Pamukta nem \u00f6nemlidir. \u015eayet nem\u00a0%8 in \u00fczerinde olur ve bu \u015fekilde depolan\u0131r ise\u00a0mikroorganizmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falma h\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fundan\u00a0k\u00fcflenme meydana gelir.<\/p>\n

V\u0130SKON<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pamu\u011fa alternatif olarak geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f yapay bir\u00a0elyaft\u0131r. Odun veya Sel\u00fcloz kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, Sodyum\u00a0Hidroksit ve bilahare Karbon s\u00fclf\u00fcr ile reaksiyona\u00a0sokularak Viskon elyaf elde edilir. Pamuk elyaf\u00a0gibi anorganik asitlere dayan\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ya\u015f\u00a0mukavemeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Parlak renkler elde edilir\u00a0ve Renk verimi Takribi 20% daha koyudur. Tutum\u00a0hem d\u00f6k\u00fcml\u00fc ve hem de daha yumu\u015fakt\u0131r. Alkalilere\u00a0kar\u015f\u0131 pamuk kadar dayan\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011fildir.\u00a0Elyaf\u0131n mukavemeti azal\u0131r. Bu sebeple Soda kullan\u0131m\u0131\u00a0tercih edilmelidir. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakta elyaf\u0131n\u00a0kalmas\u0131 depolimerizasyona sebep olur ve elyaf\u0131n\u00a0mukavemeti azal\u0131r. Bir Reaktif Boyamada optimal\u00a0sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in nelere dikkat etmeli.<\/p>\n

1- SU<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir kg. pamu\u011fun \u00f6n i\u015flemi, boyama ve apre i\u00e7in\u00a0takribi 100 lt. su t\u00fcketilir. Boya Makinelerindeki\u00a0geli\u015fmelerle bu oran 60 lt. ye d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olabilir. Bu\u00a0suyun ne derece \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funun bir i\u015faretidir.\u00a0Boyama i\u00e7in yumu\u015fak suya yani takribi maksimum\u00a05 Alman sertli\u011fi ve pH 6 olmas\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir.\u00a0Boyama i\u00e7in istenen su de\u011ferleri:<\/p>\n

– Sertlik: 0-5 alman\u00a0sertli\u011fi
\n– Bikarbonat: 30-100 ppm
\n–\u00a0Demir: 0,02-0,1 ppm
\n–\u00a0S\u00fclfat: 0-30 ppm
\n–\u00a0Bak\u0131r: 0,01-0,05 ppm
\n–\u00a0Klor\u00fcr: 12-20 ppm
\n–\u00a0\u0130letkenlik: 50-150 \u03bc\/cm<\/p>\n

Kalsiyum ve Magnezyum gibi metal iyonlar\u0131 reaktif\u00a0boyalar\u0131n migrasyon ve dif\u00fczyon \u00f6zelliklerini\u00a0etkiler. Bunun birikmesi az boyanm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgelere\u00a0yol a\u00e7an beyaz \u00e7\u00f6kelmeye sebep te\u015fkil edebilir.\u00a0Bak\u0131r ve demir gibi a\u011f\u0131r Metal iyonlar\u0131 boyalar\u0131n\u00a0tonunu etkileyebilir. Bu beyaz lekelerin olmas\u0131na\u00a0sebep veren birde Bikarbonat iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesidir.\u00a0\u015eayet asidik y\u0131kama ile lekeler \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ise,\u00a0kayna\u011f\u0131n bundan o ldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Suda Bikarbonat\u00a0iyonunun y\u00fcksek (8-9) olmas\u0131 pH tamponlanaca\u011f\u0131ndan,\u00a0fiskede ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z olan pH 10,8\u00a0e ula\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131racak ve renk tekrarlan\u0131r l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0ile sorun ya\u015famam\u0131za sebep olabilecektir. Tabii\u00a0ki pH de\u011ferine ba\u015fka y\u00f6ntemlerle de ula\u015fabiliriz.\u00a0Bundan dolay\u0131 bizim tavsiyemiz Boya ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u00a0pH\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 5-6 aras\u0131nda tutmak ve bir nebze bu problemi\u00a0uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak. Su kalitesinin iyi olmamas\u0131 ve\u00a0bilhassa Ca+2<\/sup>, Fe+3<\/sup>\u00a0ve Cu+2<\/sup>\u00a0iyonlar\u0131, bilhassa kasar da Peroksidi bozarak k\u00f6t\u00fc beyazl\u0131k ve ayn\u0131 zamanda\u00a0Fe+3 mat bir beyazl\u0131k vermesine sebep\u00a0olabilir. Demirin kuma\u015fta yarataca\u011f\u0131 negatif etkilerin\u00a0ba\u015f\u0131nda kuma\u015f mukavemetinin azalmas\u0131na\u00a0sebep te\u015fkil edebilir (delikler).<\/p>\n

2- BOYA \u00d6NCES\u0130 \u00d6N HAZIRLIK<\/strong><\/p>\n

a-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6rg\u00fc veya Dokuma kuma\u015flarda boyama i\u015flemine\u00a0girecek mallar\u0131n iplik lotlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ayr\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0ve gerekti\u011fi takdirde laboratuvarda boyanarak\u00a0durum tespitinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131. En \u00f6nemlisi Depoya\u00a0gelmi\u015f bulunan Kuma\u015flar\u0131n Kirli mi, Ya\u011fl\u0131 m\u0131, Patlak\u00a0m\u0131, Eni ve gramaj\u0131 ne. Bu i\u015flemlerden sonra partilere\u00a0ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 (laboratuvarda belirtilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n\u00a0yap\u0131lmas\u0131). Boyanacak kuma\u015flar Makine cinsine\u00a0g\u00f6re ayr\u0131lacak ve her g\u00f6ze e\u015fit miktarda konacak.\u00a0Burada ki gaye makinede e\u015fit d\u00f6nme zaman\u0131n\u0131\u00a0elde etmektir. Sizin de bildi\u011finiz gibi kuma\u015f\u0131n makinede bir turunu 2,5-3 dakikada tamamlamas\u0131 \u00a0d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir boyac\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/p>\n

b-\u00a0<\/strong>Boyamadan\u00a0\u00f6nce Makinelerin bak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 ve\u00a0en \u00f6nemlisi Makine temizli\u011fi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Mesela; koyu boyanan bir renkten sonra a\u00e7\u0131k renk\u00a0i\u00e7in gerekli temizli\u011fin yap\u0131lmas\u0131. B\u00f6ylece do\u011facak\u00a0lekeleme veya renk kirlili\u011fin gibi problem \u00f6nlenmi\u015f\u00a0olur.<\/p>\n

c-\u00a0<\/strong>Laboratuvardaki gaye \u00d6rg\u00fc Kuma\u015flarda ki\u00a0ya\u011flar\u0131n, parafinlerin ve Petkimlerin, dokuma Kuma\u015flarda\u00a0ki Ha\u015f\u0131l\u0131n uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u00a0ve boyamas\u0131 yap\u0131larak i\u015fletmeye gerekli olan\u00a0raporlar\u0131n sunulmas\u0131 ve \u0130\u015fletme taraf\u0131ndan kontrol\u00a0edilerek Prosesin belirlenmesi.\u00a0Parafinlemenin amac\u0131, ipli\u011fin kayganla\u015ft\u0131rarak\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme etkilerini azaltmak, iplikte\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015facak statik elektriklenme\u00a0\u00f6nlenir, ipli\u011fin mukavemeti artar. Bu i\u015flem d\u00fczg\u00fcn yap\u0131lmaz ise iplik abraj\u0131 veya fazla parafin verilerek\u00a0ipli\u011fin parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak istenir ise buda boyamada\u00a0baz\u0131 zamanlarda sorun yaratabilir.\u00a0B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n kontrol edilmesindeki gaye hatal\u0131\u00a0boyaman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesidir.<\/p>\n

3- \u00d6N \u0130\u015eLEM<\/strong><\/p>\n

En \u00e7ok dikkat edilecek ve \u00f6nem verilecek i\u015flemdir.\u00a0Bundaki gaye Kuma\u015flardaki istenmeyen maddelerin\u00a0y\u0131kama, pi\u015firme, ha\u015f\u0131l s\u00f6kme ve Kasar i\u015flemleri\u00a0ile uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yetersiz ve kontrols\u00fcz i\u015flem\u00a0yap\u0131l\u0131r ise Kuma\u015flar d\u00fczg\u00fcn boyanmaz.<\/p>\n

Konvensiyel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle yap\u0131lan Kasar maddeleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Sequester Madde:<\/strong>\u00a0Kompleks olu\u015fturucu maddeler\u00a0\u00e7\u00f6kmelere ve sertlik olu\u015fturucu maddelere kar\u015f\u0131\u00a0hassas boyarmaddelerde leke olu\u015fmas\u0131na engel\u00a0olup Ca ve Mg iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda Si, Fe ve Cu\u00a0iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n da tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu iyonlar\u00a0boya banyosu i\u00e7inde zararl\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015f ile\u00a0iyon tutma ve Disperge kabiliyeti y\u00fcksek maddeler\u00a0kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Ya\u011f S\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc:<\/strong>\u00a0Kuma\u015f \u00fczerindeki \u00f6rg\u00fc\u00a0veya dokuma ya\u011flar ile pektinlerin uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0131slatma, hidrofilite\u00a0\u00f6zelli\u011fe sahip bir maddenin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

– K\u0131r\u0131k\u00a0\u00f6nleyici:<\/strong>\u00a0Polimer ve ya\u011f bazl\u0131 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

– Stabilizat\u00f6r:<\/strong>\u00a0Peroksitin alkali ile temas\u0131nda h\u0131zl\u0131 par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0\u00f6nler. S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131k\u00e7a peroksit d\u00fczenli par\u00e7alanarak aktif oksijen \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131r ve bu sayede\u00a0beyazl\u0131k olu\u015fmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lan\u0131r. Silikat t\u00fcrevinden kullan\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0suda zor \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen bile\u015fikler olu\u015fmas\u0131na ve\u00a0silikat \u00e7\u00f6kmelerine sebep te\u015fkil edebilir.<\/p>\n

– Peroksit –\u00a0Kostik:<\/strong>\u00a0Peroksittin par\u00e7alan\u0131p aktif oksijeni a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa\u00a0\u00e7\u0131kartmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kasar banyosunda alkali olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Anti peroksit:\u00a0<\/strong>Kasar i\u015flemi sonras\u0131nda kuma\u015f\u00a0\u00fczerinde kalmas\u0131 muhtemel peroksittin uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan enzim veya buna e\u015fde\u011fer malzemeler.\u00a0Peroksittin uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 rengin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00a0\u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na sebep olabilir.\u00a0Maddelerin s\u0131ras\u0131 ile makineye verilmesi, kuma\u015f\u00a0daha \u00f6nceden alkali i\u015flem g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ise pH 10-11, ham\u00a0ise pH 11-12’ye ayarlan\u0131r ve 98-105 derecede 20-30 dakika \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bilahare ta\u015far y\u0131kama, n\u00f6tralize\u00a0ve pH kontrol ile hidrofilite kontrol\u00fc ile boyaya girilir.\u00a0Ta\u015far y\u0131kama ile bo\u015faltma yapaca\u011f\u0131z, \u015fayet s\u0131cak\u00a0bo\u015falt\u0131rsak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z so\u011fuk su mal\u0131n sertle\u015fmesine\u00a0ve malda k\u0131r\u0131k olma ihtimalini art\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6N \u0130\u015eLEMDEK\u0130 \u00dcR\u00dcN TAVS\u0130YELER\u0130M\u0130Z\u0130 VE\u00a0AYNI ZAMANDA KOMB\u0130N KASARIN\u00a0VERD\u0130\u011e\u0130 AVANTAJ VE DEZAVATAJLAR\u00a0PROSES B\u00d6L\u00dcM\u00dcNDE S\u0130ZLERE \u0130ZAH ED\u0130LECEKT\u0130R.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

4- ELEKTROL\u0130T<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sel\u00fcloz boyac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan anyonik boyarmaddelerin,\u00a0Pamu\u011fun sudaki anyonik yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeni\u00a0ile Pamu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 afinitesi olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bundan\u00a0dolay\u0131 boyan\u0131n elyaf taraf\u0131ndan emilmesini h\u0131zland\u0131rmas\u0131\u00a0i\u00e7in Tuz veya Sodyum s\u00fclfat gibi elektrolitler\u00a0kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Se\u00e7ilecek tuzun 1-5 Alman sertli\u011finde\u00a0olmas\u0131na dikkat edilmesi, aksi halde banyo sertli\u011fini\u00a0art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131ndan boyamaya negatif etki edebilir.\u00a0Sodyum s\u00fclfat kullan\u0131m\u0131 daha ziyade kritik boya\u00a0guruplar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmal\u0131. Mesela Turquaz ve Blue\u00a0R Spec. gibi boyarmaddelerde. Boya ihtiyac\u0131 olan elektrolit kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131n\u0131n belli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda\u00a0tasarruf gayesi ile kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tekrarlana bilirlik\u00a0olduk\u00e7a azal\u0131r. Elektrolit miktar\u0131 art\u0131k\u00e7a substantivite\u00a0artaca\u011f\u0131ndan d\u00fczg\u00fcns\u00fczl\u00fck tehlikesi artacakt\u0131r.\u00a0Boyalar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcle bilirli\u011fi elektrolit miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re\u00a0de\u011fi\u015febilecektir. En \u00f6nemlisi elektrolitlerin fazla\u00a0kullan\u0131m\u0131 y\u0131kamada fazla enerji ve zaman kayb\u0131 ile\u00a0hasl\u0131k problemi olabilecektir. Bundan dolay\u0131 elektrolit kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Substantivite ve Reaktiflik\u00a0konular\u0131n\u0131 bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde inceleyece\u011fiz. Kuma\u015f sulu\u00a0ortamda boyan\u0131n ancak 10% lif taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu\u00a0sebepten banyoya elektrolit (tuz) verilerek substantif\u00a0h\u0131z kazand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve boya yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, banyo\u00a0ortam\u0131ndan lif y\u00f6n\u00fcne do\u011fru 75% oran\u0131nda kayar.\u00a0Tuz ilavesinden sonra en uygun \u00e7ekime ula\u015fabilmek\u00a0i\u00e7in 40 dakikaya ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Y\u00fckselen derece ile substantiflikte bir d\u00fc\u015fme olu\u015fur. Bu Tuz miktar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak\u00a0bunu engellerim demek de\u011fildir. Mesela 50-\u00a060o<\/sup>C’de ihtiya\u00e7 olan elektrolit miktar\u0131 boya yap\u0131lar\u0131na\u00a0ve kullan\u0131lan miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re 20-80 gr\/lt. Fakat\u00a0s\u0131cak boyalarda bu rakam daha fazla olur. Boyan\u0131n\u00a0elyafa \u00e7ekilebilme kabiliyetine (affinite) olarak alg\u0131lar\u0131z.\u00a0Boyalar geli\u015ftik\u00e7e boyan\u0131n \u00e7ekilebilme kabiliyeti\u00a0artacakt\u0131r. Substantivite ve affinite elyafta beraber hareket ederler. Reaktif boyalar\u0131n lif \u00fczerine\u00a0olan hareketi ve ba\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Boyar madde\u00a0ile lif aras\u0131nda ki reaksiyon, sel\u00fcloz lifinin reaksiyona\u00a0girebilecek OH- guruplar\u0131 ile olmaktad\u0131r. \u015eayet i\u015fletmede\u00a0s\u0131v\u0131 tuz kullan\u0131l\u0131yor ise mutlaka ba\u015fta verilmesi,\u00a0b\u00f6ylece banyo oran\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmi\u015f olursunuz. Her\u00a0madde verili\u015finde 5-10 dakika mal\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcz.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

5- BANYONUN pH DE\u011eER\u0130 VE \u00d6NEM\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alkali, reaktif boyay\u0131 sel\u00fcloz lifine kimyasal olarak\u00a0ba\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli bir malzemedir. Bunlar\u00a0Kostik, soda veya bunlara e\u015fde\u011fer maddeler\u00a0olabilir. Boyalar\u0131n pH de\u011feri ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k ili\u015fkileri s\u00f6z\u00a0konusu oldu\u011funda, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki noktalara dikkat\u00a0edilmelidir. pH y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e, sel\u00fcloz daha fazla eksi\u00a0y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yan hidroksil gruplar meydana gelir. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0sabit tutup, pH de\u011feri bir birim y\u00fckseltildi\u011finde\u00a0(mesela pH 10\u2019dan pH 11\u2019e) boyama ve reaksiyon\u00a0h\u0131z\u0131 10 misli b\u00fcy\u00fcmektedir. Bunun tersini yapar\u00a0isek pH de\u011feri sabit tutup sucakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 10 derece
\ny\u00fckseltirsek reaksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ok h\u0131zlanacakt\u0131r. Her iki\u00a0durumda da verilecek alkalinin boyama derecesine\u00a0g\u00f6re ayarlanmas\u0131 gerekir. Belli nedenlerden\u00a0\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta boyama yap\u0131lacaksa pH\u00a0de\u011ferinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekecektir.\u00a0\u00d6rne\u011fin: \u00e7ok s\u0131k dokunmu\u015f kuma\u015flarda veya fazla\u00a0b\u00fck\u00fcm verilmi\u015f iplik ve kuma\u015flar\u0131n boyanmas\u0131nda\u00a0migrasyon y\u00f6ntemi ile s\u0131cak veya so\u011fuk boyalar\u00a0kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumlarda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fckseltilmesi\u00a0(80 veya 95 dereceye) boyarmaddenin migrasyonuna\u00a0etki ederek uygun duruma getirmektir.\u00a0Daha \u00f6nceden de bahsetti\u011fimiz gibi y\u00fcksek\u00a0s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda substantiflik azalmaktad\u0131r. Bunu\u00a0dengelemek i\u00e7in tuz miktar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmam\u0131z gerekecektir.\u00a0Boyama da optimum pH de\u011ferinin 10,8\u00a0\u2013 11,0 olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Alkali olarak; soda,\u00a0kostik, sodyum bikarbonat veya buna e\u015fde\u011fer\u00a0malzemeler kullan\u0131labilir. Y\u00fcksek alkalilerde\u00a0\u00f6nceden sodyum bikarbonat ile tamponlanmas\u0131\u00a0tavsiye edilir. Renk tekrarlanabilirli\u011fin \u00f6zellikle pH de\u011ferinin sabit olmas\u0131na, elektrolit ve S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0sabit tutulmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Basitle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir kurala\u00a0g\u00f6re fiksaj verimlili\u011fi artan elektrolit miktar\u0131na\u00a0ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak artar ve artan banyo oran\u0131na ve\u00a0boya konsantrasyonuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Elastan Mallar\u0131n \u00d6n \u0130\u015flemi :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Elastan iplikleri veya lifleri makro molek\u00fcllerinden\u00a0olu\u015fup %85\u2019lik k\u0131sm\u0131 poli\u00fcretan molek\u00fcllerinden\u00a0meydana gelir. Elastan isminden de anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi\u00a0serbest kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda eski haline gelir. Elastanlar\u00a0avivaj ihtiva eder ve bu avivaj maddesinin tamam\u0131\u00a0silikon ya\u011flar\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u011flar\u0131n en uygun \u015fekilde uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0gerekir. Fazlas\u0131n\u0131n uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 elastikiyet\u00a0kayb\u0131na sebep olur. Bundan dolay\u0131 \u00f6zel \u00fcr\u00fcn kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 tavsiye edilir. Elastan lifleri tek ba\u015f\u0131na\u00a0nerede ise hi\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmaz. Daha ziyade \u00e7ekirdek\u00a0ipli\u011fin etraf\u0131na belli tekniklerle sar\u0131larak piyasada\u00a0kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Elastan Kuma\u015flar elastan cinsine\u00a0ve Men\u015feine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, \u00f6n fikse i\u00e7in Ramlar da\u00a0175 \u2013 200\u00a0o<\/sup>C\u2019de 30 \u2013 70 saniye kontak zaman\u0131 ile en\u00a0ve gramaj ayarlar\u0131na tabi tutulur. Bunun yan\u0131nda\u00a0Ramda giri\u015fte buharlama da tatbik edilebilir ise\u00a0daha iyi netice al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olur.\u00a0B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki ama\u00e7;<\/p>\n

a-\u00a0<\/strong>Kasar da sonradan olu\u015fabilecek sararmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek.<\/p>\n

b-\u00a0<\/strong>K\u0131r\u0131k tehlikesini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131r\u0131z. Yaln\u0131z dikkat\u00a0edilecek husus, iyi makine se\u00e7imi, az mal al\u0131nmas\u0131,\u00a0ani so\u011futma, \u0131s\u0131tma ve uygun yap\u0131da k\u0131r\u0131k \u00f6nleyici kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131k olu\u015fumunu ettiler.<\/p>\n

c-\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6nce yap\u0131lan termofikse daha sonra renk tonunun\u00a0de\u011fi\u015fimini \u00f6nleyebilir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Elastan Kuma\u015f Prosesi:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fletmelerin makine parklar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fekli\u00a0de\u011fi\u015febilir. Mesela;<\/p>\n

a- T\u00fcp -> Y\u0131kama + Kasar -> Boyama -> Kurutma ->\u00a0Avivaj. Bu metot ile istenen en ve gramaja ula\u015f\u0131lmayabilir.
\nb- T\u00fcp -> Y\u0131kama -> Fikse -> Kasar + Boya -> Avivaj\u00a0Kurutma
\nc- A\u00e7\u0131k en -> Fikse -> Y\u0131kama + Kasar -> Boyama ->\u00a0Avivaj Kurutma
\nd- Dokuma Kuma\u015f -> Fikse (Buharlama) -> Yakma\u00a0-> Ha\u015f\u0131l S\u00f6kme -> Kasar -> Merserize -> Fikse veya\u00a0Kurutma -> Boyama -> Avivaj Kurutma.<\/p>\n

\"\"\u00a0<\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Kaynak:\u00a0tekstilteknik.com.tr<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pamuk ve Viskon Elyaflar\u0131n i\u015fletmelerde boyanmas\u0131\u00a0ile ilgili dikkat edilecek hususlara pratik\u00a0deneyimlerle bir nebze yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaya gayret edece\u011fim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3492,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tex-tek.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tex-tek.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tex-tek.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tex-tek.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tex-tek.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3491"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tex-tek.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3493,"href":"https:\/\/tex-tek.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3491\/revisions\/3493"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tex-tek.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tex-tek.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tex-tek.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tex-tek.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}